Peritonitis is mostly caused by an infection resulting from inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin, transparent membrane that covers all the abdominal organs and its internal walls.
What causes peritonitis?
Most often, peritonitis is caused by an infection from a rupture of the intestine, such as in cases of appendicitis or perforation of a hollow structure in the abdomen. Other sources may include abdominal abscesses, the gallbladder, or appendicitis. Pelvic inflammatory disease in women and sexual activity are also common reasons for peritonitis. Additionally, peritonitis can develop after surgery when bacteria enter the abdomen.
What are the symptoms of peritonitis?
The following are the most common symptoms of peritonitis. However, each person may experience them differently.
Symptoms may include:
- Severe abdominal pain, worsened by movement
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
- Abdominal swelling
- Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
- Inability to move or pass gas
- Low urine output
- Thirst
These symptoms of peritonitis may resemble other medical conditions or other problems. Always consult your doctor for a diagnosis.
How is peritonitis diagnosed?
A prompt diagnosis of peritonitis is vital as complications can occur rapidly. In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic tests for peritonitis may include:
- X-rays, which use electromagnetic energy to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film.
- Laboratory tests (to identify infected organs)
- Exploratory laparotomy (investigative abdominal surgery)
- CT scans
Treatment for peritonitis:
Specific treatment for peritonitis will be determined by your doctor based on:
- Your age, overall health, and medical history
- The extent of the condition
- Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- Your opinion or preference
Treatment for peritonitis primarily aims to address the underlying condition. Often, emergency surgery is required for a definitive diagnosis, especially when appendicitis, perforated peptic ulcer, or diverticulitis is suspected. Rapid treatment is crucial since severe complications can occur quickly, and peritonitis can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Immediate antibiotics are given once peritonitis is diagnosed. Sometimes, a catheter may be inserted through the nose into the abdomen to drain fluids and gases. Intravenous fluids are administered to replace lost fluids and stabilize the condition.
Important Note: The information provided on this website is not intended to establish physician-patient relationships or serve as medical advice. It is not a substitute for consulting with a healthcare professional or provider of any kind. The user of this information assumes all responsibility and risk.