Hemorrhoids are veins found within the anus and lower rectum that become swollen due to increased pressure and strain in the area. They are very common in both men and women and affect about half of the population by the age of 50. Additionally, hemorrhoids are common during pregnancy due to pressure from the growing fetus and hormonal changes, which cause the blood vessels in the area to expand. Hemorrhoids can be internal (inside the anus) or external (under the skin around the anus).
Causes of hemorrhoids:
Hemorrhoids can develop as a result of recurrent pressure during bowel movements, pregnancy, advancing age, hereditary factors, and chronic constipation or diarrhea.
Signs of hemorrhoids may include:
- Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper.
- Irritation and pain around the anus.
- Swelling or a hard lump near the anus.
- A sensation of itching in the area.
It is essential to remember that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Diagnosis of hemorrhoids may involve:
- Physical examination: Checking the anus and rectum for swollen blood vessels that may indicate hemorrhoids.
- Digital rectal examination (DRE): Insert a gloved finger into the rectum to examine the area.
- Anoscopy: A hollow tube with a light source is inserted into the anus to visualize internal hemorrhoids.
- Proctoscopy: A diagnostic procedure that allows the doctor to examine part of the large intestine, aiding in investigating causes for diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, and bleeding. The procedure uses a flexible endoscope with a light and a camera inserted into the rectum.
Treatment of hemorrhoids:
The treatment plan will be determined by the doctor based on factors such as the patient's age, overall health, the extent of the condition, and the patient's ability to undergo medical treatment. The treatment aims to alleviate symptoms and may include:
- Sitz baths with warm water several times a day.
- Application of ice packs to reduce swelling.
- Topical ointments for hemorrhoids.
Additionally, the doctor may recommend changes in diet and increasing fiber and fluid intake to soften the stool. A softer stool reduces pressure and friction on the hemorrhoids. Good sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Stool softeners or fiber supplements like psyllium (Metamucil) can also be beneficial.
In some instances, surgical intervention may be necessary for treating hemorrhoids. Several surgical techniques are available to remove or reduce internal and external hemorrhoids, including rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, electrical or laser coagulation, and hemorrhoidectomy.
As with any medical condition, it is crucial to follow the doctor's advice and treatment plan for hemorrhoids.