Colon polyps are fleshy protrusions that arise from the inner lining of the colon and extend into the colon's lumen. In most cases, polyps appear without any symptoms and are often detected during colonoscopy or X-ray imaging of the colon. However, certain polyps can cause bleeding, mucus discharge, changes in bowel function, or, in rare cases, abdominal pain.
Diagnosis:
Polyps are diagnosed through three tests:
1. Visual examination of the colon using colonoscopy, which is the preferred method of inspecting the entire colon from the rectum to the connection with the small intestine. The procedure is usually performed under sedation.
2. Radiographic imaging using barium enema (almost not used today) or through a specialized CT Virtual Colonoscopy. This is an advanced CT scan that can accurately examine the colon and detect polyps larger than 5 mm through reconstructed CT images.
3. Testing for occult blood in the stool.
Treatment:
Since there is no way to predict when or if a polyp will become cancerous, the removal of polyps is recommended. This greatly reduces the risk of colon cancer. The vast majority of polyps can be removed during colonoscopy by using a snare loop. Smaller polyps can be easily destroyed by touching them with an electric current.
Colonoscopy, the most flexible method for examining the colon, including polyp removal, can usually be performed on an outpatient basis with minimal discomfort. Both small and large polyps can be effectively managed during colonoscopy. Certain polyps that cannot be removed endoscopically due to their size or location may require surgical removal.
Once a polyp is completely removed, it usually does not recur. However, about 30 percent of patients have a chance of developing new polyps, so it is recommended that they undergo regular follow-up colonoscopies every few years.
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