Achalasia is a disease that affects the ability to swallow food and liquids due to impaired esophageal function and the lower esophageal sphincter. The characteristic complaint is difficulty swallowing, but it can also manifest as chest pain and aspiration (inhalation of stomach contents into the lungs).
Diagnosis is made by measuring pressures (manometry) in the esophagus and esophagogastric junction, which demonstrate the impairment of esophageal motility and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Barium swallow imaging also contributes to the diagnosis. In the gastroenterology setting, high-resolution manometry is performed using advanced devices that provide high-resolution measurements.
There are several treatment options, mainly endoscopic and surgical. The decision on the most appropriate treatment is made for each patient based on their personal data and medical condition.