Background:
A hernia is defined as the protrusion of an organ through a defect in the abdominal wall. The common types of hernias are inguinal hernias (75%), abdominal wall hernias - including incisional hernias (10%), and ventral hernias (3%). Hernia repair is the most common procedure performed by surgeons.
The Surgery:
The optimal treatment for a hernia is surgery. Besides relieving the discomfort caused by the hernia, the goal of surgical treatment is to prevent future complications such as incarceration of the hernia's contents or strangulation of the tissues, which could endanger the patient's life and necessitate bowel resection. The surgery is usually performed using an open approach, making an incision in the area of the hernia. In some cases, the surgeon may recommend laparoscopic hernia repair.
There are different methods for hernia repair. Typically, hernia repair involves using a mesh to reinforce the area. Fixation of the mesh allows for decreased tension on the tissues and reduces the risk of hernia recurrence. In some cases, the surgeon may decide to perform primary hernia repair without using a mesh. Before the surgery, the patient may receive antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection in the surgical area.
Anesthesia:
The anesthesiologist will discuss with the patient the type of anesthesia to be used. Hernia repair surgery is usually performed under regional anesthesia, such as a spinal block, similar to what is done during epidural anesthesia. General anesthesia is also an option. In some cases, local anesthesia may be used.
Possible Complications:
As with any surgical procedure, there may be potential complications. The common ones include:
- Hematoma (collection of blood) at the surgical site.
- Infection.
- Injury to adjacent structures such as nerves, blood vessels, the spermatic cord, or the blood supply to the testes (in the case of inguinal hernias).
- Hernia recurrence.
After the Surgery:
After the surgery, the patient will usually require a one-day hospital stay for monitoring. In some cases, a longer hospitalization may be needed. Post-surgery, vital signs, wound appearance, urination, and free drinking will be monitored. Pain relief medication will be provided.
Wishing you a full recovery and speedy healing!
Surgery Department Team, Shaare Zedek Medical Center.